Bipolar disorder is one of the psychiatric problems that make sufferers experience mood swings fluctuating and drastic . For example, from the moody , can suddenly turn into a very happy or otherwise.
In phase down or referred to as a period of depression , bipolar disorder sufferers will usually look sad , lethargic and listless . While in the climb phase or mania , people with this condition can be very passionate , energetic and talkative
When viewed from the rotation mood episode, there are people with bipolar disorder who have normal circumstances between mania and depression. Even so, there are some patients who experience a quick turnaround from phase to phase in the absence of the normal period. Each phase is quite severe symptoms that can last up to several weeks.
In bipolar disorder, there are also patients who experience mania and depression simultaneously. For example, when the patient feels very berenerjik, at the same time he also felt very sad and desperate. Symptoms of this rare mixture is called the period.
The cause of bipolar disorder
Until now, experts do not know the cause of bipolar disorder. However, the symptoms of mania or depression in the sufferer, is thought to contribute triggered by several factors such as abnormalities in the introductory signal substances in the brain.
Another trigger factor that should not be taken lightly is stress. Many cases of bipolar disorder that occurs in people who often experience stress in his life.
In addition to stress, that lifestyle is not a good thought to contribute to have an impact formation of bipolar disorder in a person, such as alcoholism and drug abuse.
The diagnosis of bipolar disorder
In diagnosing bipolar disorder, psychiatrists will try to gather information, either from the patient directly or from family. The psychiatrist will ask about symptoms, the patient's medical history, and family medical history. For example if there are family members of patients who suffered from the same condition. In addition, the doctor may do blood tests and urine tests to make sure the existing symptoms are not caused by other diseases.
Treatment of bipolar disorder
The goal of treatment of bipolar disorder is to reduce the frequency of episodes of mania and depression so patients can live normally and blending in with the environment.
In addition to improving the lifestyle, the treatment plan usually includes medication combined with others such as the handling of psychological therapy
Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar disorder is a mental illness that causes patients to experience drastic mood swings from mania to depression or vice versa. Because the symptoms in patients with this condition will depend on the phase where the central mood he experienced.
The symptoms of the manic phase
The manic phase is characterized by mood rise significantly, resulting in patients with bipolar disorder who experience it will feel very happy and excited. They find it very energetic and feeling tired despite lack of sleep. The conditions that make them a lot of talk very quickly and increased libido.
Mania also create ego sufferers become so high that they often become irritable and distracted, feeling very important, feeling very pleased with himself, and can do things such reckless spending savings or make big decisions are at high risk or who harm themselves themselves or others.
Sometimes in severe bipolar cases, sufferers may also experience psychotic symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations. When hallucinating, a person will feel like hearing or seeing things that are not there, and as experiencing delusions, someone will believe something that is generally unreasonable or incorrect.
Symptoms of the depressive phase
The opposite of the manic phase is a phase of depression. This phase is characterized by a decrease in mood significantly, so people will feel very sad bipolar, anxiety, sleeplessness, guilt, pessimism, and tend to get desperate. If these symptoms are getting worse, it is feared the patient may hurt themselves or even suicide.
Phase depression can also make people with bipolar disorder become difficult to concentrate and suffered memory loss, so it is not uncommon achievement or their productivity is lowered.
Phase depression can make people with bipolar relationship with the people closest to become damaged by the loss of interest of patients to daily activities and withdraw from social life.
When viewed from the rotation mood episode, there are some patients with bipolar disorder who have normal periods in between mania and depression. Even so, there are some patients who experience a quick turnaround from phase to phase in the absence of the normal period. Each phase is considered severe can take up to several weeks.
In bipolar disorder , there are also patients who experience mania and depression simultaneously. For example , when the patient feels very energetic , at the same time he also felt very sad and desperate . Symptoms of this rare mixture is called the period .
Causes Bipolar Disorder
Until now, experts do not know the cause of bipolar disorder. But bipolar disorder is thought to be triggered by the following factors:
Disturbance in the balance of production or introduction of substances between nerve signals in the brain, so that the performance of the nerves responsible for managing the mood to be disturbed.
In addition to stress, lifestyle is thought to contribute negatively impact the formation of bipolar disorder in a person, such as alcoholism and drug abuse.
- Genetic or hereditary factors, since most cases of bipolar disorder experienced by those who also have a sibling or parent with the same condition.
- Another trigger factor is stress. Many cases of bipolar disorder that occurs in people who often experience stress in their lives, such as left for dead by a loved one, a divorce, a breakup with a lover, the pressure in the family, school, or workplace, as well as the experience of abuse.
Bipolar Disorder Diagnosis
In diagnosing bipolar disorder, psychiatrists usually will first dig up information directly from the patient, the patient's family or close friends. The psychiatrist will ask about the patient's symptoms, such as whether the patient had experienced mood changes drastically, what he felt when that period appears, and when the period they occur.
After that psychiatrists will also ask about the patient's family health history, if she has a brother, sister, or parent with bipolar disorder. The doctor may also do a urine test and a blood test to make sure the symptoms suffered not because of other diseases such as thyroid disorders.
In addition by asking directly related to the condition of the patient, the diagnosis can also be done with the data read from the diary mood. Through this method, the patient will be given the task by psychiatrists to note about the mood he felt every day, sleep patterns, and other matters related to the psychological condition of the patient.
If all the information is collected, either orally or data from a mood diary, then the inference could be more easily done. Full details will also help physicians to provide appropriate treatment.
Treatment of Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar disorder requires long-term treatment. Therefore, even if the sufferer is already feeling better, doctors usually will not stop the treatment granted to it is enough.
Interest Long-term treatment of bipolar is to reduce the frequency of episodes of mania and depression so patients can live normally and mingle with the people around him. In addition to preventive measures one phase of bipolar recurrence, there are also drugs for treating the symptoms while relapse.
Patients with bipolar will be encouraged to improve lifestyle, for example by means of regular exercise, adequate sleep, and adopt a healthier diet.
Treatment plan usually includes medication combined with other treatment required, eg psychological therapy.
Most people with bipolar disorder can be improved without having to be hospitalized in the hospital. Admission to hospital is usually done if the symptoms get worse and the patient's behavior is feared may harm others or himself, such as suicide.
Drugs
There are a number of drugs that can be used to treat bipolar disorder, depending on the symptoms and health history of each patient, including:
Anticonvulsants, such as lamotrigine and divalproex.Obat is actually used to treat epilepsy, but the effect has been proven effective in treating bipolar disorder. Drugs that serves as a long-term mood stabilizer is also used to treat episodes of mania. Some of the side effects of anticonvulsants include:
- Sleepy
- Dizzy
- Weight gain
Lithium, a drug that is able to prevent the symptoms of mania and depression, and stabilize mood. During the use of these drugs, blood tests to check the levels of lithium in the body should be done regularly. This is to ensure lithium levels are still within a safe range so as to prevent the occurrence of serious side effects such as disorders of the kidneys and thyroid gland. Other side effects of lithium are:
- Indigestion
- Dry mouth
- agitated
- Gag
- Diarrhea
Antidepressants such as fluoxetine. In some patients with bipolar disorder, depression relief medication can trigger episodes of mania. Therefore, antidepressants are often paired with drugs doctors mood stabilizer. One side effect of antidepressants is decreased libido or impotence.
Antipsychotics, such as olanzapine and ariprazol. Just like drugs anticonvulsants, antipsychotics prescribed to cope with episodes of mania and is also effective to stabilize mood. Some side effects of antipsychotics are:
- Increased heart rate
- blurred vision
- tremble
- Sleepy
- Weight gain
- Memory loss
Psychological therapy for bipolar disorder can support the drugs that have been given. Through this method the patient's recovery is expected to be achieved more effectively.
In the psychological therapy, the patient will be introduced with psychiatric problems they are experiencing. Patients will also be invited to identify things that can trigger episodes of the atmosphere, be it in the form of thought and behavior of the patient. Once the symptoms known trigger factors, psychiatrist or therapist will guide the patient to want to change their negative thoughts and behaviors into positive. Through a method called cognitive behavioral therapy, patients will also be taught how to cope with stress effectively, and given advice about diet, sleep, and exercise is good for health.
Not only patients, family involvement in psychological therapy can also be very helpful. The aim is that families understand the conditions experienced by patients so they can work together to identify the problems that occur in the household who may be the cause of bipolar disorder, as well as find a way out.
Bipolar disorder and pregnancy
Planning a pregnancy for patients with bipolar women is not an easy thing for bipolar medications have potential side effects, and its effects on the pregnancy process is not yet fully known. Need cooperation between the medical side that handle bipolar patients and pregnancy.
Pregnant women who suffer from bipolar disorder generally have a dilemma. On the one hand, if he was taking sedative drugs mood, then the fetus can be at risk of disability. But on the other hand, if the drugs are not used, then the symptoms of bipolar disorder pregnant women can be worse.
Women who are breastfeeding are also facing the same problem as most of bipolar disorder drug can be absorbed by the ASI and it is feared the baby could be exposed to side effects of the drugs.
As a way out of these problems, talk to your doctor to get proper treatment solution without jeopardizing the baby's condition.
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